Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein ihana imbibi n'Ubusuwisi mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo na Otirishiya mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 160 gusa (kilometero kare 62), iya kane ntoya mu Burayi. Igabanyijemo amakomine 11, umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Vaduz, naho komini nini ni Schaan.

Abaturage:

Kugeza ubu abaturage ba Liechtenstein ni 38.146 guhera ku wa mbere, tariki ya 18 Kamena 2018, hashingiwe ku mibare iheruka gukorwa n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye.

Ururimi:

Ikidage 94.5% (official) (Alemannic ni imvugo nyamukuru), Igitaliyani 1.1%, izindi 4.3%

Liechtenstein afite umwami w’itegeko nshinga nk'umukuru w’igihugu, n’inteko ishinga amategeko yatowe ishyiraho amategeko. Ni na demokarasi itaziguye, aho abatora bashobora gutanga no gushyiraho ivugurura ry'itegeko nshinga n'amategeko adashingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko.

N’ubwo ari ntoya kandi ikabura umutungo kamere, Liechtenstein yateye imbere mu bukungu butera imbere, bwateye imbere cyane, mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye hamwe n’urwego rukomeye rwa serivisi z’imari kandi rukaba ari rumwe mu nzego zinjiza amafaranga menshi ku isi. Ubukungu bwa Liechtenstein buratandukanye cyane hamwe n’umubare munini w’ibikorwa bito n'ibiciriritse, cyane cyane mu rwego rwa serivisi

Ifaranga:

Amafaranga yo mu Busuwisi (CHF)

Igenzura ry'ivunjisha:

Nta mbogamizi zishyirwaho mu gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Inganda za serivisi zimari

Igikomangoma cya Liechtenstein kibamo ikigo cy’imari cyihariye, gihamye gifite amasano akomeye mpuzamahanga. Urwego rwa serivisi zimari ni urwa kabiri mu bunini mu rwego rwinganda. Banki ya mbere ya Liechtenstein yashinzwe mu 1861. Kuva icyo gihe urwego rw'imari rwakuze ruba igice cy'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu kandi muri iki gihe rukoresha abakozi bagera kuri 16%.

Abatanga serivisi z’imari bafite icyicaro i Liechtenstein bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga serivisi mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) na EEA. Byongeye kandi, ubusanzwe umubano wa hafi n’Ubusuwisi buturanye, ihuriro rya gasutamo n’Ubusuwisi n’amafaranga y’Ubusuwisi nk’ifaranga ryemewe muri Liechtenstein riha amasosiyete amahirwe yo kugera ku isoko ry’Ubusuwisi. Liechtenstein yiyemeje kugendera ku mahame ya OECD ku mucyo no guhana amakuru kandi afite gahunda ifatika yo kurwanya amafaranga no gutera inkunga iterabwoba. Ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari cyemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga Liechtenstein ashinzwe gukurikirana inganda z’imari mu gihugu.

Amabanki arashobora kugira uruhare runini murwego rwa serivisi zimari, ariko Liechtenstein nayo irashimishije kandi ikundwa mubindi byiciro byinshi byamasosiyete nkabishingizi, abashinzwe umutungo, amafaranga hamwe nizere.

Soma birambuye:

• Liechtenstein kuri konti ya banki
• Konte y'abacuruzi ba Liechtenstein

Amategeko akomeye agenga ibikorwa byubucuruzi muri Liechtenstein ni Amategeko yisosiyete ya Liechtenstein n amategeko ya Fondasiyo ya Liechtenstein. Amategeko y’isosiyete ya Liechtenstein yemejwe mu 1992 kandi akubiyemo amabwiriza yerekeye uburyo bwemewe bw’ubucuruzi. Imfatiro nazo zagengwaga niri tegeko kugeza mu 2008, igihe hashyizweho itegeko ryihariye (New Liechtenstein Foundation Law).

Dukurikije amategeko y’isosiyete, ihuriro ry’abantu bose bafite ubuzima gatozi nyuma yo kwiyandikisha mu gitabo rusange. Kwiyandikisha kwa sosiyete muri Liechtenstein ntabwo ari itegeko kubigo bidakora ibikorwa byubukungu. Impinduka iyo ari yo yose mumiterere yisosiyete igomba gushyikirizwa igitabo rusange.

Ubwoko bwa Sosiyete / Isosiyete:

One IBC Limited imwe itanga serivisi ya Incorporation muri Liechtenstein hamwe n'ubwoko bwa AG (isosiyete igarukira ku migabane) na Anstalt (Ishyirahamwe, ubucuruzi cyangwa ubucuruzi, nta mugabane).

Kubuza ubucuruzi:

Urwego rwisosiyete ya Liechtenstein cyangwa ikizere ntibishobora gukora ubucuruzi bwamabanki, ubwishingizi, ubwishingizi, ubwishingizi, gucunga ikigega, gahunda zishoramari rusange cyangwa ikindi gikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cyerekana ishyirahamwe ninganda zamabanki cyangwa imari, keretse habonetse uruhushya rwihariye.

Kubuza Izina Isosiyete:

• Izina rishobora kuba mururimi urwo arirwo rwose rukoresha inyuguti yikilatini, ariko kwiyandikisha rusange birashobora gusaba ubusobanuro bwikidage.
• Izina risa cyangwa risa n'izina risanzwe ntabwo ryemewe.
• Izina nyamukuru rizwiho kubaho ahandi ntabwo ryemewe.
• Izina rishobora kwerekana ubufasha bwa leta ntirishobora gukoreshwa.
• Izina ko mubitekerezo bya Gerefiye rishobora gufatwa nkutifuzwa ntabwo ryemewe.
• Amazina akurikira cyangwa ibikomokaho bisaba kwemererwa cyangwa uruhushya: Banki, Sosiyete yubaka, Kuzigama, Ubwishingizi, Ubwishingizi, Ubwishingizi, Gucunga Ikigega, Ikigega cy’ishoramari, Liechtenstein, Leta, Igihugu, Umujyi, Ubuyobozi, Croix-Rouge.
• Izina rigomba kurangizwa numwe mubigereka bikurikira byerekana uburyozwe buke: Aktiengesellschaft cyangwa AG; Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung cyangwa GmbH; Anstalt cyangwa Est.

• Intambwe ya 1: Hitamo ibyibanze byumuturage / Uwashinze amakuru yubwenegihugu nizindi serivisi zinyongera ushaka (niba zihari).
• Intambwe ya 2: Iyandikishe cyangwa winjire hanyuma wuzuze amazina yisosiyete numuyobozi / umunyamigabane (s) hanyuma wuzuze aderesi yishyuza nibisabwa bidasanzwe (niba bihari).
• Intambwe ya 3: Hitamo uburyo bwo kwishyura (Twemeye kwishura ukoresheje Ikarita y'inguzanyo, Ikarita yo kwishyura, PayPal cyangwa Transfer).
• Intambwe ya 4: Uzakira kopi yoroshye yinyandiko zikenewe zirimo: Icyemezo cyumushinga, Kwiyandikisha mubucuruzi, Memorandum ningingo zishyirahamwe, nibindi. Hanyuma, isosiyete yawe nshya muri Liechtenstein yiteguye gukora ubucuruzi. Urashobora kuzana ibyangombwa mubikoresho bya sosiyete kugirango ufungure konti ya banki cyangwa turashobora kugufasha hamwe nuburambe burambuye bwa serivisi ishigikira amabanki.

• Passeport ya buri munyamigabane / nyiri inyungu numuyobozi;
• Icyemezo cya aderesi ya buri muyobozi naba banyamigabane (Ugomba kuba mucyongereza cyangwa verisiyo yubusobanuro yemewe);
• Amazina yatanzwe;
• Imari shingiro yatanzwe hamwe nigiciro cyimigabane.

Soma birambuye:

• Isosiyete ya Liechtenstein
• Gushiraho isosiyete muri Liechtenstein

Umurwa mukuru:

Igishoro ntarengwa cy'Ishyirahamwe kingana na CHF 30.000 (ubundi EUR 30.000 cyangwa USD 30.000). Niba igishoro kigabanijwemo imigabane, igishoro ntarengwa kingana na CHF 50.000 (ubundi EUR 50.000 cyangwa USD 50.000). Igishoro - icyo bita ikigega cyo gushinga - gishobora kandi kwishyurwa byuzuye cyangwa igice kimwe nkintererano muburyo. Umusanzu mubwoko ugomba guhabwa agaciro ninzobere mbere yintererano zabo. Ikigega cyo gushinga gishobora kongerwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose.

Sangira:

Muri Liechtenstein, imigabane irashobora gutangwa muburyo butandukanye no mubyiciro kandi birashobora kuba birimo: Non Par Agaciro, gutora, Ifishi yanditswe cyangwa iyitwaye.

Umuyobozi:

Umubare ntarengwa w'abayobozi ba Aktiengesellschaft (AG), GmbH na Anstalt ni umwe. Abayobozi barashobora kuba abantu basanzwe cyangwa ibigo bifatanya. Liechtenstein Stiftung ntabwo afite inama yubuyobozi, ahubwo ishyiraho Inama Njyanama. Abayobozi (abagize akanama) barashobora kuba abantu basanzwe cyangwa ibigo bifatanya. Bashobora kuba bafite ubwenegihugu ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko byibuze umuyobozi umwe (umwe mubagize njyanama) agomba kuba umuntu usanzwe, utuye Liechtenstein kandi wujuje ibisabwa kugirango akore mu izina ryisosiyete.

Umunyamigabane:

Harasabwa umunyamigabane umwe wubwenegihugu ubwo aribwo bwose.

Igipimo cy'umusoro wa Liechtenstein:

• Aktiengesellschaft (AG) yishyura umusoro wa 4% ku nyungu hamwe n’umusoro shingiro wa buri mwaka wa 0.1% ku gaciro k’umutungo w’isosiyete. Umwaka ntarengwa ni CHF 1.000.
• Anstalt yubucuruzi cyangwa idaharanira inyungu, mugihe igishoro kitagabanijwe, ntabwo yishyura umusoro wa coupon ahubwo itanga umusoro shingiro wumwaka wa 0.1% kumitungo yumutungo wikigo. Umwaka ntarengwa ni CHF 1.000.
• Stiftung, yaba iyanditswe cyangwa yabitswe, ntabwo yishyura umusoro wa coupon, ariko igomba kwishyura umusoro shingiro wumwaka wa 0.1% kumitungo rusange yikigo. Umwaka ntarengwa ni CHF 1.000.
• Icyizere cyishyura umusoro ntarengwa wumwaka wa CHF 1.000 cyangwa 0.1% kumutungo utimukanwa

Imikoreshereze y’imari:

• Aktiengesellschaft (AG) cyangwa GmbH isabwa gutanga raporo yimari yagenzuwe kubashinzwe imisoro ya Liechtenstein kugirango isuzumwe.
• Anstalt yubucuruzi irasabwa gutanga raporo yimari yagenzuwe kubashinzwe imisoro ya Liechtenstein.
• Anstalt idaharanira inyungu ntigomba gutanga konti kubashinzwe imisoro ya Liechtenstein; itangazo rya banki ko inyandiko yumutungo waryo irahari irahagije.
• Stiftung ntigomba gutanga konti kumuyobozi wimisoro ya Liechtenstein; itangazo rya banki ko inyandiko yumutungo waryo irahari irahagije.

Ibiro byiyandikishije hamwe nabakozi baho:

Nkuko ingingo z’ishyirahamwe rya Liechtenstein AG na Anstalt zidatanga ukundi, ibiro byanditse muri iyi sosiyete biri aho ikigo cy’ibikorwa by’ubuyobozi biri, hashingiwe ku mabwiriza agenga ibiro byiyandikishije mu bijyanye n’umubano mpuzamahanga.

Amasezerano abiri yo gusoresha:

Liechtenstein afite amasezerano yimisoro ibiri gusa, hamwe na Otirishiya.

Kwishura, Isosiyete igaruka Itariki:

Imenyekanisha ry'umusoro rigomba gutangwa bitarenze 30 kamena, umwaka ukurikira umwaka wimisoro. Kwiyongera kubashinzwe imisoro birashoboka kubisabwe. Ibigo bizakira fagitire y’agateganyo muri Kanama, igomba kwishyurwa bitarenze 30 Nzeri uwo mwaka.

Igihano:

Niba isosiyete idatanga imisoro ku gihe, inyungu zizishyurwa kuva igihe cyo kwishyura cyagenwe. Igipimo cyinyungu cyagenwe na leta mumategeko yimisoro ni 4%. Umushinga w’imisoro ni uburenganzira bwemewe bwo gushyira mu bikorwa, bivuze ko nyuma yibutsa, abayobozi bashobora gufata ibyemezo mumitungo yikigo.