FDI muri Vietnam - Ishoramari rijya he?

Kubera ubwiyongere bukabije, Vietnam ikomeje gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu buryo butaziguye (FDI). Amakuru aheruka gutangwa n’ikigo cy’ishoramari mu mahanga (FIA) yerekana ko FDI muri Vietnam mu mezi atanu ya mbere y’umwaka yageze ku myaka ine hejuru ya miliyari 16.74 USD.

Imishinga mishya igera ku 1.363 yahawe uruhushya rwo gushora imari shingiro ya miliyari 6.46 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu gihe cya Mutarama - Gicurasi, byiyongereyeho 38.7 ku ijana ugereranije n'icyo gihe cyashize.

Mu mirenge 19 yakira igishoro, inganda n’itunganywa ryaje ku isonga hamwe na miliyari 10.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 72% by’ingengo y’imari yose. Ibyo byakurikiwe n’umutungo utimukanwa ugera kuri miliyari 1.1 US $ hanyuma ucuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa hamwe na miliyoni 742.7 US $. Ishoramari ryatewe ahanini n’intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa.

Ibi, hamwe no gutangira gukurikizwa gukurikizwa kumasezerano yuzuye kandi atera imbere yubufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka ya pasifika (CPTPP) hamwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Vietnam FTA (EVFTA) bizatanga amahirwe akomeye ku ishoramari ryinjira ndetse n’imbere mu myaka mike iri imbere.

Byongeye kandi, birashoboka ko Vietnam izakomeza kunoza amategeko yayo kugira ngo yubahirize ibisabwa mu mucyo byashyizweho n’amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kurengera uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge (IPR).

Inkomoko yo gushora imari itandukanye

Ibihugu bya Aziya byerekana umugabane wintare wa FDI muri Vietnam.

Hong Kong iyoboye ishoramari rya FDI kuri miliyari 5.08 z'amadolari ya Amerika, bingana na 30.4 ku ijana by'ishoramari ryose mu mezi atanu ya mbere y'umwaka. Koreya y'Epfo na Singapore biza ku mwanya wa kabiri n'uwa gatatu, bikurikirwa n'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani.

Ingingo y'ingenzi tugomba kumenya ni uko Ubushinwa bwongereye ishoramari muri Vietnam vuba. Mu myaka yashize, ibaye umushoramari wa karindwi muri Vietnam. Muri 2018, yazamutse igera ku mwanya wa gatanu none ni iya kane.

Hanoi igumana izina ryayo kuba ahantu heza cyane ku bashoramari b’abanyamahanga hamwe na miliyari 2.78 z’amadolari y’Amerika yose yanditswe cyangwa 16,6 ku ijana. Ibyo bikurikirwa nintara ya Binh Duong kuri miliyari 1.25 US $.

Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru irashimangira byihuse umwanya wacyo nk'ihuriro rikuru ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’inganda ziremereye, bitewe n’uko hari amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ku isi nka Samsung, Canon, na Foxconn ndetse n’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga (uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka rwa Viyetinamu Vingroup rwashinze uruganda rwarwo i Haiphong ruheruka mwaka), ziteza imbere iterambere ryurwego rwizewe rutangwa mukarere.

Icyambu cya mbere cyimbitse mu nyanja ya Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru, icyambu cya Lach Huyen, cyafunguye amato abiri ya mbere, ashobora kwakira amato manini - bityo akirinda guhagarara muri Hong Kong na Singapuru mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa, bikiza hafi icyumweru kimwe mu byoherezwa.

Umujyi wa Binh Duong na Ho Chi Minh, muri Vietnam y'Amajyepfo, ni ihuriro rikuru ry’inganda, rizobereye mu myenda, uruhu, inkweto, ubukanishi, amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki, no gutunganya ibiti.

Vietnam y'Amajyepfo nayo yabaye intego nyamukuru mu mishinga ishora ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, cyane cyane amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Mu bihe biri imbere, mu gihe akarere ko mu majyepfo kazakomeza gukurura ubwiza bwacyo, biteganijwe ko ishoramari mu bimera by’izuba rizahinduka buhoro buhoro mu turere two hagati n’amajyaruguru.

Mu gihe cya Mutarama-Gicurasi, urwego rw’ishoramari rw’amahanga rwinjije miliyari 70.4 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga - ibyo bikaba byiyongereyeho gatanu ku ijana ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize bingana na 70% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kugeza ku ya 20 Gicurasi, hari imishinga 28.632 ya FDI ifite imari shingiro ya miliyari 350.5 US $.

Kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Amerika

Mu gihe intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa ikomeje, Vietnam yabaye imwe mu masoko yihuta cyane y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Bloomberg kibitangaza ngo nibiramuka bikomeje, Vietnam ishobora kurenza Ubwongereza nk'imwe mu zitanga Amerika muri Amerika.

Imirenge itatu yambere yakira FDI

Raporo ya FIA ivuga ko gukora no gutunganya, imitungo itimukanwa, ndetse no gucuruza no kugurisha byinshi ari byo bice bitatu bya mbere bya FDI muri Vietnam.

Gukora no gutunganya

Gukora no gutunganya bikomeje kubara igice kinini cya FDI.

Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi ya Vietnam ibona gushyigikira inganda ari urufunguzo rwo kuzamura iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu. Guverinoma irashaka kuvugurura inganda zunganira umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu no kongera igipimo cy’ibanze.

Impuguke mu nganda zivuga ko Vietnam yungutse kubera amasosiyete yimura inganda muri Vietnam kuko ibiciro mu Bushinwa byatangiye kwiyongera. Intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa yihutishije inzira.

Umutungo utimukanwa

Isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa rya Vietnam, kimwe no mu myaka yashize, rikomeje gukurura abashoramari bo mu mahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu. Kwiyongera k'ubukerarugendo, n'imishinga minini y'ibikorwa remezo, nk'imishinga ya metero ya Hanoi na Ho Chi Minh, biteganijwe ko bizakomeza gukenera imitungo itimukanwa.

Gucuruza no kugurisha

Vietnam ifite kimwe mu byiciro byihuta byiyongera mu karere, bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera mubucuruzi no kugurisha byinshi. Biteganijwe ko icyiciro cyayo cyo hagati kizagera kuri miliyoni 33 muri 2020, kikaba cyiyongereyeho miliyoni 12 guhera mu 2012.

Vietnam ikomeje kwiyongera kwa FDI

Biteganijwe ko Vietnam izakomeza gukomeza ishoramari rikomeye rya FDI. Igihugu cyagiye gikurura FDI mu mirenge hafi ya yose, bituma iba impande zose ku bashoramari. Ikibazo cyacyo ni ugucunga iterambere ryayo neza hamwe no kuvugurura guverinoma.

Soma byinshi

• Amabwiriza yo kwinjiza sosiyete muri Vietnam
• Kwiyandikisha muri sosiyete ya Vietnam