I-FDI eVietnam - Luya kuphi Utshalomali?

Ibangelwa ukukhula okuqhubekayo, iVietnam iyaqhubeka nokuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle oluqondile (FDI). Imininingwane yakamuva evela ku-Foreign Investment Agency (FIA) ikhombisa ukuthi i-FDI eVietnam ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zonyaka ifinyelele eminyakeni emine ephakeme ye-US $ 16.74 billion.

Cishe ama-1,363 amaphrojekthi amasha anikezwe ilayisense ngemali isiyonke ebhalisiwe engu-US $ 6.46 billion esikhathini sikaJanuwari - Meyi, enyuka ngamaphesenti angama-38.7 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

Emikhakheni engu-19 ethola imali, ukukhiqiza nokucubungula kuqhamuke no-US $ 10.5 billion, okubalwa ngamaphesenti angama-72 e-FDI ephelele. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuthengiswa kwezindlu ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,1 zamadola aseMelika kwalandela ezokudayisa nokuthengisa ngezigidi ezingama-US $ 742.7. Utshalomali luqhutshwa kakhulu yimpi yezohwebo yaseMelika neChina.

Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano Esiphelele Nenqubekela Phambili Sobambiswano LweTrans-Pacific (CPTPP) kanye ne-EU neVietnam FTA (i-EVFTA) kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba abalulekile kutshalomali olungenayo noluphumayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi iVietnam izoqhubeka nokwenza ngcono uhlaka lwayo lwezomthetho ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zokubonisa obala ezibekwe yilezi zivumelwano ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuvikelwa kwe-Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).

Imithombo yokwehlukaniswa kwemali

Amazwe ase-Asia amele isabelo sengonyama se-FDI eVietnam.

IHong Kong ihola lonke utshalomali lwe-FDI kuma-US $ 5.08 billion, okubalwa ngamaphesenti angama-30.4 okutshalwa kwemali okuphelele ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zonyaka. ISouth Korea neSingapore bangena endaweni yesibili neyesithathu, kulandele iChina neJapan.

Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liqaphele ukuthi iChina ibilokhu ikhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo eVietnam ngokushesha. Eminyakeni edlule, kube ngumtshalizimali wesikhombisa ngobukhulu eVietnam. Ku-2018, inyukele kwesesihlanu manje isingeyesine.

IHanoi igcina isihloko sayo sokuba yindawo ekhanga kakhulu kubatshali bezimali bangaphandle nge-US $ 2.78 billion ye-FDI ephelele ebhalisiwe noma amaphesenti angu-16.6. Lokhu kulandelwa yisifundazwe saseBinh Duong nge-US $ 1.25 billion.

INyakatho yeVietnam ihlanganisa ngokushesha isikhundla sayo njengehabhu lezimboni eliyinhloko lezimboni ze-elekthronikhi nezindayo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlangano zomhlaba ezinjengeSamsung, iCanon, neFoxconn kanye nemboni yezimoto (umakhi wezimoto wokuqala waseVietnam uVingroup wasungula ifektri yayo eHaiphong ekugcineni year), okukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kokuthengiswa okuthembekile endaweni.

Itheku lokuqala lolwandle olujulile eNyakatho neVietnam, itheku laseLach Huyen, lavula amatheminali alo okuqala amabili, angahlalisa imikhumbi emikhulu - ngaleyo ndlela igweme ukumisa eHong Kong naseSingapore ekuthuthweni kwemithwalo yamazwe omhlaba, isindisa cishe isonto elilodwa ngokuthunyelwa.

IBinh Duong neHo Chi Minh City, eNingizimu yeVietnam, yizikhungo ezinkulu zezimboni, ezisebenza kakhulu ngezindwangu, isikhumba, izicathulo, imishini, ugesi kanye ne-elekthronikhi, nokulungiswa kwezinkuni.

INingizimu neVietnam ibuye yaba yindawo ephambili yamaphrojekthi wokutshala amandla kagesi, ikakhulukazi izitshalo zamandla elanga. Ngokuzayo, ngenkathi isifunda esiseningizimu sizogcina sikhanga saso, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezitshalweni zelanga kulindeleke ukuthi kudlulele kancane kancane ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nasenyakatho.

Ngesikhathi sikaJan-May, umkhakha otshaliwe waphesheya ukhiqize ama-US $ 70.4 billion kusuka emazweni angaphandle - ukwanda ngamaphesenti amahlanu unyaka nonyaka okubalwa ngamaphesenti angama-70 emali engenayo ezweni lonke. Kusukela ngoMeyi 20, bekukhona amaphrojekthi we-FDI angama-28,632 anenani eliphelele lemali ebhalisiwe eyi-US $ 350.5 billion.

Ukuthumela okuthe xaxa e-US

Njengoba impi yezohwebo yase-US-China iqhubeka, iVietnam isibe ngomunye wemithombo ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu yokungeniswa kweMelika kwikota yokuqala yonyaka. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, iVietnam ingadlula i-UK njengomunye wabaphakeli abakhulu e-US, ngokusho kweBloomberg.

Imikhakha emithathu ephezulu ethola i-FDI

Ngokombiko we-FIA, ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa, izindlu ezithengiswayo, kanye nokudayisa nokuthengisa kakhulu yimikhakha emithathu ephezulu ye-FDI eVietnam.

Ukukhiqiza nokusebenza

Ukukhiqiza nokucubungula kuyaqhubeka nokuphendula ingxenye enkulu ye-FDI.

UMnyango Wezohwebo waseVietnam ubona ukuxhasa le mboni njengesihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho. Uhulumeni ufuna ukuhlela kabusha le mboni ukuze isekele ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya futhi yenyuse amazinga ezindawo.

Ochwepheshe bezezimboni bathi iVietnam isizuzile ngenxa yezinkampani ezihambisa ukukhiqizwa ziye eVietnam njengoba izindleko eChina zaqala ukwanda. Impi yezohwebo yase-US-China isheshise inqubo.

Ukuthengisa izindlu

Imakethe yezindlu yaseVietnam, njengaseminyakeni edlule, iyaqhubeka nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe nabasekhaya. Ukwanda kwezokuvakasha, kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu wengqalasizinda, afana neHanoi kanye neHo Chi Minh metro amaphrojekthi, kulindeleke ukuthi kuphoqelele ukufunwa kwezindlu.

Ukudayisa nokudayisa

IVietnam inelinye lamakilasi aphakathi akhula ngesivinini esikhulu esifundeni, okubhebhethekisa ukukhula okukhulu emkhakheni wezokuthengisa nowezitolo ezinkulu. Isigaba saso esiphakathi kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-33 ngo-2020, sikhuphuke siyizigidi eziyi-12 kusuka ngonyaka wezi-2012.

Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-FDI eVietnam

IVietnam kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina utshalomali oluqinile lwe-FDI. Izwe belilokhu liheha i-FDI cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha, ikwenza kube yibo bonke abazungezeli bezimali. Inselelo yakhona kuzoba ukuphatha ukukhula kwayo ngokuzibophezela kanye nezinguquko kuhulumeni.

Funda kabanzi

• Umhlahlandlela wokufaka inkampani eVietnam
• Ukubhaliswa kwenkampani yaseVietnam